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The 3-2-1 backup rule still works

Three copies, two media, one offsite, updated for cloud and ransomware realities.

By Michael NarehoodBackups & Continuity

Frameworks come and go. 3-2-1 survives because it matches failure physics.

Modern reading

  • 3 copies: production + two backups
  • 2 different media/systems: not two folders on one NAS
  • 1 offline or immutable / offsite: away from the blast radius

Add restore tests

Copies you cannot restore are expensive rumors.

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